[28], After the unsuccessful January Uprising against the Russian Empire, tsarist authority moved the Catholic Seminary of Varniai, prominent bishop Motiejus Valančius and Samogitian diocese institutions to Kaunas, where they were given the former Bernardine Monastery Palace and St. George the Martyr Church. The city increased once more when it was connected by bridges with Aleksotas and Vilijampolė districts in the 1920s.[2]. The city is also the birthplace or childhood home of many of the country's top basketball stars, among them Arvydas Sabonis, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, Zydrunas Ilgauskas, Linas Kleiza, Donatas Motiejūnas and Šarūnas Jasikevičius. Location map of Lithuania Destination Lithuania, an Eastern European country with a coastline at the Baltic Sea in west. [87] On 1 November 1987, a non-sanctioned rally took place near the Kaunas Cathedral Basilica, where people gathered to mark famous Lithuanian poet Maironis' 125th-birthday anniversary. In January 1919 during the Lithuanian Wars of Independence, War School of Kaunas was established and started to train soldiers who were soon sent to the front to strengthen the fighting Lithuanian Army. These are the longest buses used in the Baltic states. Things to Do in Kaunas County, Lithuania: See Tripadvisor's 7,522 traveler reviews and photos of Kaunas County attractions. Jewish community organizations disappeared almost overnight. Zwartendijk agreed to help them and Jews who had fled from German-occupied Poland also sought his assistance. Kauno miesto savivaldybė; Kauno miesto želdynų sistemos formavimas", "Santakos Park in Kaunas, Lithuania, Secured by TLC Fencing During Pope Francis' Visit", "Šie rūmai Kaune stulbina prabanga – norėtų pamatyti kiekvienas", UK Trade&Investment. Kaunas is at the crossroads of the main national motorways crossing the country from east to west and from north to south. Later, many of the Seminary students were active in Lithuanian book smuggling; its chief main objective was to resist the Russification policy. After Vilnius was occupied by the Russian Bolsheviks in 1919, the Government of the Republic of Lithuania established its main base in Kaunas. Later, when the capital Vilnius was annexed by Poland, Kaunas became the temporary capital of Lithuania,[32] a position it held until 28 October 1939, when the Red Army handed Vilnius over to Lithuania. After realizing this, NKVD started terror against the Raštikis family. On 9 October 1988, the Flag of Lithuania was raised above the tower of the Military Museum. Ethnic composition in 2011, out of a total of 315,933:[146]. The Kronika started a new phase of resistance in the life of Lithuania's Catholic Church and of all Lithuania fighting against the occupation by making known to the world the violation of the human rights and freedoms in Lithuania for almost two decades. [61] He approached the Kaunas War Field Commandant General Oswald Pohl and the Military Command Representative General Karl von Roques by trying to plead for him to spare the Jews, however they replied that the Gestapo is handling these issues and that they cannot help. The Yiddish name is קאָװנע Kovne, and the names in German include Kaunas and Kauen. The military coup d'état took place in Kaunas on 17 December 1926. [69], On 26 June 1941 the German military command ordered the rebel groups to disband and disarm. [91] Kaunas natives Vytautas Landsbergis and Valdas Adamkus became the Head of state in 1990, and, respectively, in 1998 and 2004. [19] Although guerrilla warfare ended by 1953, Lithuanian opposition to Soviet rule did not. Aleksotas Church of St. Casimir, 1997, company Kraft Foods Lietuva administrative and laboratory buildings complex, 2001, shopping and entertainment center Akropolis, 2007), A. Karalius (building materials salon Iris, 2002, block of flats Aušros namai, 2005), D. Paulauskienė (e.g. In order to establish the legitimacy of the government and design the plans of Lithuania's "legal accession to the USSR", on 1 July, the Seimas of Lithuania was dismissed and elections to the puppet People's Seimas were announced. [82] The Kaunas pogrom was a massacre of Jewish people living in Kaunas, Lithuania that took place on 25–29 June 1941—the first days of the Operation Barbarossa and of Nazi occupation of Lithuania. [154] The bus station in Kaunas underwent reconstruction for six months and reopened 23 January 2017. [110] One of the most famous monuments of Baroque architecture is the ensemble of Pažaislis Church and Monastery (started in 1667, architects G. Frediani, C. Puttini, P. Kaunas. [90] Pope John Paul II said Holy Mass for the faithful of the Archdiocese of Kaunas at the Kaunas Cathedral Basilica and held a meeting with the young people of Lithuania at the S. Darius and S. Girėnas Stadium, during his visit to Lithuania in 1993. Kaunas Symphony Orchestra is the main venue for classical music concerts. It also specialises in development of new telemetry, data base creation, mobile payment projects. This was mainly due to the newly introduced routes and charter flights. There are a lot of them. Largest Cities in Lithuania. [59] In 1941, Kazys Škirpa, Leonas Prapuolenis, Juozas Ambrazevičius and their supporters, including the former Commander of the Lithuanian Army General Stasys Raštikis, whose whole family was deported to Siberia, began organizing an uprising. Joint Lithuanian-German company "Net Frequency", based in Kaunas, is a multimedia and technology service provider. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Despite its northern location, the climate in Kaunas is relatively mild compared to other locations at similar latitudes, mainly because of the Baltic Sea. A round of the UIM F2 World Championship is held by the site of the old Kaunas Lagoon pier every year. 1997 p. 293. K. Dawisha, B. Parrott. No trip to Lithuania would be complete without visiting Kaunas, the country’s second largest city and former temporary capital. [81] Nazi authorities took advantage of the Lithuanian TDA Battalions and established a concentration camp at the Seventh Fort, one of the city's ten historic forts, and 4,000 Jews were rounded up and murdered there. A yacht club operates in the Kaunas Reservoir Regional Park. An old legend claims that Kaunas was established by the Romans in ancient times. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas. In 1994 the Kaunas county was re-established. Soviet authorities confiscated the property of many Jews, while hundreds were exiled to Siberia. All the city's streets were paved, horse-drawn transportation was replaced with modern bus lines, new suburbs were planned and built (Žaliakalnis neighbourhood in particular), and new parks and squares were established. Kaunas, located at the confluence of Nemunas and Neris rivers, with thousands inhabitants is one of the most significant cities of Lithuania. As 2019 is coming to an end, it has been noted that, in terms of the number of passengers served … Šlovės savaitė: kaip lietuviai laimėjo hibridinį karą prieš Kremlių", "1941 m. sukilimas ir nepriklausomybės viltys", "The History of Lithuania's National Anthem", "Kodėl J. Brazaičio perlaidojimo ceremonija sukėlė tiek aistrų? [54] While the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union, subordinate to the army commander, had over 62,000 members of which about 70% were farmers and agricultural workers. From 1918 to 1940 more than 12.000 construction permits were issued in Kaunas, which was an extremely rapid growth for a relatively small-scale city (90.000 inhabitants) that fundamentally changed the city's character. [26], After the third and final partition of the Polish–Lithuanian state in 1795, the city was taken over by the Russian Empire and became a part of Vilna Governorate. The Town Hall is still a center of culture today, it holds weddings and is the home of the Museum of Ceramics.[105]. [19], A settlement had been established on the site of the current Kaunas old town, at the confluence of two large rivers, at least by the 10th century AD. He began lectures using the Lithuanian language, rather than Russian, and greatly influenced the spirit of the seminarians by narrating about the ancient Lithuania and especially its earthwork mounds. [110], In the first half of the 20th century, when Kaunas became the temporary capital of Lithuania in 1919, the city was extensively modernized and thousands of new buildings were built. [66], In the first issue of the daily Į laisvę (Towards Freedom) newspaper, the Independence Restoration Declaration was published, which had been previously announced on the radio. Kaunas County is one of ten counties of Lithuania. General information, Kauno gatvėse – ilgiausias autobusas Baltijos šalyse, "Kaunas tęsia viešojo transporto atnaujinimą: įsigijo 30 mažųjų autobusų", "Į gatves išrieda specialiai Kaunui Lenkijoje pagaminti troleibusai: įrengtos net USB jungtys", "Elektrėnų sporto, turizmo ir pramogų centras; Ledo ritulys", "Lietuvos tautinė olimpiada ir Pasaulio lietuvių sporto žaidynės", "So that was 2020 – UIM F2 World Championship", "Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos | LSMU", Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania. The government's powers were taken over by the new occupants. [38] Part of the Lithuanian armoured vehicles military unit was moved to Žaliakalnis, armed with advanced and brand new tanks, including the famous Renault FT, Vickers-Armstrong Model 1933 and Model 1936. [12], The Kaunas city's name is of Lithuanian origin and most likely derives from a personal name.[13]. The only professional circus organisation in Lithuania—the Baltic Circus was founded in Kaunas in 1995. The county is divided into municipalities: By the evening of 22 June, the Lithuanians controlled the Presidential Palace, post office, telephone and telegraph, and radio station. [25] The foundations of a social security system were laid, three new schools were built, and new public libraries, including the Vincas Kudirka library, were established. ", "Lithuania and the Soviet Union 1939–1940: the Fateful Year", "Šimtmečio belaukiant: Reikšmingiausi Pirmosios Lietuvos Respublikos (1918–1940 m.) įvykiai", "Kaip raudonarmiečiai įžengė į Lietuvą: apverktinai atrodę kariai ir lygiame kelyje gedę tankai", Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute, "Lietuvos kariuomenės naikinimas (1940 m. birželio 15 d.–1941 m.)", "Lemtingi metai generolo Raštikio dienoraščiuose", "Lietuvos okupacija (1940 m. birželio 15 d.)", "Kuo reikšmingas 1941 m. birželio 22–28 d. There are at least seven professional theatres, many amateur theatres, ensembles, abundant groups of art and sports. Travel Insurance - The travel insurance policy is a must when visiting a foreign country. During that time, people settled in some territories of the present Kaunas: the confluence of the two longest rivers of Lithuania area, Eiguliai, Lampėdžiai, Linkuva, Kaniūkai, Marvelė, Pajiesys, Romainiai, Petrašiūnai, Sargėnai, and Veršvai sites. Puttini). Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. [92][93] On 10 January 2017 Kaunas interwar modern architecture was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tentative List. The continuous oppression of the Catholic Church and its resistance caused the appearance of the Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania. 2002, Vol. sukilimas? [20] The Kaunas castle was rebuilt at the beginning of the 15th century. The Sicherheitsdienst confiscated the pictures of the wreath-laying ceremony, thinking that it could be dangerous for the German occupation policy in Lithuania. Via Baltica (E67), a European priority transport corridor connecting Helsinki, St-Petersburg and Warsaw, crosses the Region from north to south. The city and its elderates also have names in other languages (see Names of Kaunas in other languages and names of Kaunas elderates in other languages). and signatures. Lithuania. [55], After the occupation, the Soviets immediately took brutal action against the high-ranking officials of the state. According to the archeological excavations, the richest collections of ceramics and other artifacts found at the confluence of the Nemunas and the Neris rivers are from the second and first millennium BC. They were not allowed to live in the city, so most of them stayed in the Vilijampolė settlement on the right bank of the Neris river. As defined by Eurostat, the population of Kaunas functional urban area, that stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 383,764 (as of 2017),[11] while according to statistics of Kaunas territorial health insurance fund, there are 437,283 permanent inhabitants (as of 2018) in Kaunas city and Kaunas district municipalities combined. Kaunas was the biggest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Trakai Palatinate since 1413. The three largest cities in Lithuania are Vilnius (542,366) - which is also the capital of Lithuania, Kaunas (306,800) and Klaipeda (158,500). By the initiative of a prominent Lithuanian zoologist Tadas Ivanauskas and biologist Constantin von Regel the Botanical Garden was founded in 1923. There are also some innovative companies located in Kaunas, such as leading wholesaler of computer components, data storage media "ACME group", internet and TV provider, communications JSC "Mikrovisata group", developer and producer original products for TV and embedded technologies JSC "Selteka". [147] The smaller S. Darius and S. Girėnas Airport, established in 1915, is located about three kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the city centre. Catherine's Monastery, 2000) E. Miliūnas (e.g. The official slogan for the city is: “KAUNAS 2022: FROM TEMPORARY TO CONTEMPORARY“. [136] Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant is the largest one in Lithuania. On 23 September 2018, Pope Francis visited Kaunas' Santakos Park as part of a tour of the Baltic states. The rebels radioed the Germans for assistance. Best view of Kaunas. Kaunas County (Lithuanian: Kauno apskritis) is one of ten counties of Lithuania. [61], Multiple Red Army divisions stationed around Kaunas, including the brutal 1st Motor Rifle Division NKVD responsible for the June deportation, and the puppet Lithuanian SSR regime commanders were forced to flee into the Latvian SSR through the Daugava river. The most important is the Kaunas County Public Library. [156] The new Mercedes-Benz minibuses were introduced on 2 September 2019. In 1950 it was abolished, and the Kaunas province (sritis) was established. It was one of the largest and important military victories of the Teutonic Knights in the 14th century against Lithuania. [citation needed] The construction of a new landmark of Kaunas—the Žalgiris Arena—began in the autumn of 2008. English: Kaunas County is one of ten administrative districts of Lithuania, situated in the centre of the country. The 2011 census found that 84% of the population was ethnic Lithuanians who spoke Lithuanian. Recently information technology and electronics have become part of the business activities taking place in Kaunas. [14] Palemon fled from Rome because he feared the mad Emperor Nero. [25] The oldest still functioning institution of higher education is Kaunas Priest Seminary, established in 1864. The oldest part of Kaunas was connected with Žaliakalnis neighbourhood in 1889. It is the most important road connection between the Baltic states. [84], Beginning in 1944, the Red Army began offensives that eventually led to the reconquest of all three of the Baltic states. 1 p. 10. [75] When the Soviet Union took over Lithuania in 1940, some Jewish Dutch residents in Lithuania approached the Dutch consul Jan Zwartendijk to get a visa to the Dutch West Indies. Free WiFi is available in some areas. [33] The Constituent Assembly of Lithuania first met in Kaunas on 15 May 1920. These three and four star hotels are all great options for your next vist to the city. Esperanto: La Distrikto Kaunas estas unu el dek administraj distriktoj de Litovio, kaj troviĝas en la centro de la ŝtato. The Town Hall was originally built with wooden frames, however, after numerous fires in 1542 they began to construct buildings with stone. [40], At the time, Kaunas had a Jewish population of 35,000–40,000, about one-quarter of the city's total population. Many people listened to the Lithuanian national anthem with tears in their eyes. In 2011, the largest indoor arena in the Baltic states was built and was named Žalgiris Arena. Kaunas began to gain prominence, since it was at an intersection of trade routes and a river port. [89] They were defended by the citizenry of Kaunas. [78] The Sugihara House, where he was previously issuing transit visas, currently is a museum and the Centre For Asian Studies of Vytautas Magnus University. Retrieved on 12 April 2011. Kaunas Spiritual Seminary finally became completely Lithuanian when in 1909 professor Jonas Mačiulis-Maironis became the rector of the Seminary, and replaced use of the Polish language for teaching with the Lithuanian language.[30]. Both targets of the ultimatum: the Minister of the Interior Kazys Skučas and the Director of the State Security Department of Lithuania Augustinas Povilaitis were transported to Moscow and later executed. Žalgiris basketball club, one of Europe's strongest basketball clubs, now plays in the EuroLeague. According to the Lithuanian Minister of National Defence Kazys Musteikis, Lithuanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Juozas Urbšys initially told that Lithuanians refuses Vilnius Region as well as the Russian garrisons, however then nervous Joseph Stalin replied that "No matter if you take Vilnius or not, the Russian garrisons will enter Lithuania anyway". The city is home to a few historic clubs such as: LFLS Kaunas football club (est. It stated that "The established Provisional Government of revived Lithuania declares the restoration of the Free and Independent State of Lithuania. [76] Then refugees approached Chiune Sugihara, a Japanese consul, who gave them a transit visa through the USSR to Japan, against the disapproval of his government. ", immolated himself in the garden of the Musical Theatre, after making a speech denouncing the Soviet suppression of national and religious rights. Žalgiris Arena, 2001), G. Janulytė‑Bernotienė (e.g. The Old Town is the historical center of Kaunas. The commander of the Red Army's 188th Rifle Division colonel Piotr Ivanov reported to the 11th Army Staff that during the retreat of his division through Kaunas "local counterrevolutionaries from the shelters deliberately fired on the Red Army, the detachments suffering heavy losses of soldiers and military equipment". Kaunas County is one of the ten counties of Lithuania. The Old Town of Kaunas is located at the confluence of the Nemunas and Neris Rivers where old architectural monuments and other historical buildings are located. [7][8][9] Kaunas has been selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2022, together with Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.[10]. The current Provisional Government should be transformed into a National Committee or Council under the German military authority. Some notable changes are under construction and in the stage of disputes. Under the direction of the mayor Jonas Vileišis (1921–1931) Kaunas grew rapidly and was extensively modernised. The powerboat race is organised by Edgaras Riabko who also competes in the event.[162]. How far is it to Kaunas and in which country is it located? the antipode) is likely to be in the ocean somewhere, so when considering which point is … On 30 June 1993, the historical coat of arms of Kaunas city was re-established by a special presidential decree. It is in the centre of the country, and its capital is Kaunas. Kaunas hosted finals of the widely appreciated EuroBasket 2011. The sailor, three golden balls, and Latin text "Diligite justitiam qui judicatis terram" (English: Cherish justice, you who judge the earth[2]) in the greater coat of arms refers to Saint Nicholas, patron saint of merchants and seafarers, who was regarded as a heavenly guardian of Kaunas by Queen Bona Sforza. 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