"The deeper the Church penetrated into heathenism, the more she herself became heathenish; this prepares us for the expressions 'harlot' and 'Babylon,' applied to her afterwards" [AUBERLEN]. The overcoming here is the overcoming of the value system of the world. The Ephesian church can bear anything except the presence of impostors in … What matter about the first death, which sooner or later must pass over us, if we escape the second death? Though Satan threatened and attacked their life, Jesus promises His overcomers that death is conquered for them. From Psalms 2:8 Psalms 2:9 . They wouldn’t listen to Jesus before, so He had to speak louder through the sickbed. The main bliss of Paradise is that it is the Paradise of God; God Himself dwelling there ( Revelation 21:3 ). Æsculapius was worshipped there under the serpent form; and Satan, the old serpent, as the instigator (compare Revelation 2:10 ) of fanatical devotees of Æsculapius, and, through them, of the supreme magistracy at Pergamos, persecuted one of the Lord's people (Antipas) even to death. b. So palpably shall God's hand be seen in the judgment on Thyatira, that the whole Church shall recognize it as God's doing. The name Jezebel had a powerful association. Their order seems to be ecclesiastical, civil, and geographical: Ephesus first, as being the Asiatic metropolis (termed "the light of Asia," and "first city of Asia"), the nearest to Patmos, where John received the epistle to the seven churches, and also as being that Church with which John was especially connected; then the churches on the west coast of Asia; then those in the interior. i. Adam Clarke wrote: “Others suppose there is an allusion here to conquerors in the public games, who were not only conducted with great pomp into the city to which they belonged, but had a white stone given to them, with their name inscribed on it; which badge entitled them, during their whole life, to be maintained at the pubic expense… These were called tesserae among the Romans, and of these there were several kinds.” Clarke then gives examples of the different kinds: “Tesserae conviviales, which answered exactly to our cards of invitation, or tickets of admission to a public feast or banquet; when the person invited produced his tessera he was admitted… But the most remarkable of these instruments were the Tesserae hospitales, which were given as badges of friendship and alliance, and on which some device was engraved, as a testimony that a contract of friendship had been made between the parties.”. . He acted, through Jewish accusers against Christ and His people. They must not become distracted or discouraged from what Jesus wants them to be and to do. Not merely "thy professions, desires, good resolutions" ( Revelation 14:13 , end). The verse-by-verse commentary on each chapter of Revelation is on a separate page of this website. Chapter 11. Here are some good buildings, but more ruins. Epistles to the churches in Asia, with warnings and encouragements, To the church at Ephesus; (1-7) at Smyrna; (8-11) at Pergamos; (12-17) and at Thyatira. say they are Jews, and are not--Jews by national descent, but not spiritually of "the true circumcision." Revelation 2:11. c. I will give him the morning star: Jesus offered them a reward greater than the kingdom. ii. This is particularly so with the Book of Revelation or prophecy in general. "Balak" is dative in the Greek, whence BENGEL translates, "taught (the Moabites) for (that is, to please) Balak." The year after Polycarp returned from Rome, a great persecution came upon the Christians of Smyrna. Chapter 16. So TRENCH explains. The attackers’ hatred and violence have left many Indians wanting to emulate the love shown by the victim, said K. Anand Paul, head of Gospel to the Unreached Millions. Article Images Copyright © 2021 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. 9. thy works, and--omitted in two oldest manuscripts, Vulgate, and Coptic. He who overcomes: This was a promise for overcomers. What they had peculiarly to contend against at Pergamos was the temptation to idol-meats, and fornication, put in their way by Balaamites. . a bed--The place of her sin shall be the place of her punishment. Supported by one oldest manuscript. The crown is the garland, the mark of a conqueror, or of one rejoicing, or at a feast; but diadem is the mark of a KING. “Sufferers were allowed to spend the night in the darkness of the temple. Revelation 2:1-29 . Contrast Laodicea, rich in the world's eyes and her own, poor before God. © Copyright - Enduring Word       |      . The Spirit here declares their so-called "depths," (namely, of knowledge of divine things) to be really "depths of Satan"; just as in Revelation 2:9 , He says, instead of "the synagogue of God," "the synagogue of Satan." All over the world, Christians face persecution, especially in Asia, Eastern Europe, and in the Muslim world. Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. Those who will not hear the call of God now will wish at length they had never had a capacity of hearing any thing at all.2. On the way to the city, the police chief and other government officials tried to persuade Polycarp to offer a pinch of incense before a statue of Caesar and simply say “Caesar is Lord.” That’s all he had to do, and he would be off the hook. Revelation 2. The full manifestation shall be at His coming. 7. Revelation 2:13 "And to the angel of the church in Pergamum write: The One who has the sharp two-edged sword says this: New American Standard Version. unto the end--( Matthew 24:13 ). To him I will give power over the nations: Jesus promised that His people will reign with Him. ii. When a couple is close, they often have “pet names” for each other. Her proper adherents; not those who suffer her, but those who are begotten of her. Is it God’s name, or is it the believer’s name? Words in boxes are from the Bible. and keepeth--Greek, "and he that keepeth." To the one who conquers, I will permit him to eat from the tree of life that is in the paradise of God.' new name . Renew your earlier devotion to Me." 1. As a perpetual reminder of how He took care of them in the wilderness for 40 years, God commanded Moses and Aaron to save some manna in a golden pot placed inside the Ark of the Covenant. remove thy candlestick out of his place--I will take away the Church from Ephesus and remove it elsewhere. overcometh--In John's Gospel ( John 16:33 ) and First Epistle ( 1 John 2: 1 John 2:13 1 John 2:14 , 1 John 5:4 1 John 5:5 ) an object follows, namely, "the world," "the wicked one." In the night the sufferer might be touched by one of these tame and harmless snakes as it glided over the ground on which he lay. Thyatira--in Lydia, south of Pergamos. Chapter 8. all the churches shall know--implying that these addresses are designed for the catholic Church of all ages and places. i. IGNATIUS [The Martyrdom of Ignatius 3], on his way to martyrdom in Rome, wrote to POLYCARP, then (A.D. 108) bishop of Smyrna; if his bishopric commenced ten or twelve years earlier, the dates will harmonize. #2. Pergamum was the ancient capital of the province of Asia. He wrote to the *churches in Asia. He marched out and faced the lions and died an agonizing death for his Lord Jesus. Our website uses cookies to store user preferences. HENGSTENBERG makes the name, like other apocalyptic names, symbolical, meaning one standing out "against all" for Christ's sake. stumbling-block--literally, that part of a trap on which the bait was laid, and which, when touched, caused the trap to close on its prey; then any entanglement to the foot [TRENCH]. It is as if Jesus said, “You love an unclean bed. And, reprehending their having left their first love, exhorting them to repent, with the promise of the tree of life, Revelation 2:4-7. Revelation 2:12-13. In history, we have no record that the Christians of Thyatira suffered any significant political or religious persecution. As the manna in the sanctuary, unlike the other manna, was incorruptible, so the spiritual feast offered to all who reject the world's dainties for Christ is everlasting: an incorruptible body and life for ever in Christ at the resurrection. Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. Some self-styled prophetess (or as the feminine in Hebrew is often used collectively to express a multitude, a set of false prophets), as closely attached to the Church of Thyatira as a wife is to a husband, and as powerfully influencing for evil that Church as Jezebel did Ahab. The symbolical Jezebel was to the Church of Thyatira what Jezebel, Ahab's "wife," was to him. The same event is often both a temptation from the devil, and a trial from God--God sifting and winnowing the man to separate his chaff from his wheat, the devil sifting him in the hope that nothing but chaff will be found in him [TRENCH]. Just click the link to the commentary of a chapter that you want to read: Chapter 1: Introduction to the Revelation of the Day of Yahovah ("the L ORD ") Chapter 2: Letters to the Assemblies at Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamos, and Thyatira Now, Jesus “showed” this two-edged sword to the Christians in Pergamos. Satan's seat--rather as the Greek is translated all through Revelation, "throne." . according to your works--to be judged not according to the mere act as it appears to man, but with reference to the motive, faith and love being the only motives which God recognizes as sound. d. You have those there… you also have those: The rebuke was not only against those who hold the doctrines of Balaam and those who hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitans. Jesus said, “I know your every thought and your every feeling.”, c. I will kill her children with death: “All men die, but all are not killed with death… Oh, it is a woeful thing to be killed with death.” (Trapp). Compare "Faith, the ears of the soul" [CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA]. Devotion is the sense in which the word "love" (agape) is being used. ‘These things says He who has the sharp two-edged sword: a. Pergamum . Compare Paul's view of faith so called without love, 1 Corinthians 13:2 . The writer of this book simply calls himself John. God’s work will still go on through His overcomers. Some believe it was because Pergamos was a center for the ancient Babylonian priesthood, but this is tough to prove conclusively. “Jesus, forgive them,” eyewitnesses said James called out as his assailants cut off his hands and legs, and severed his torso. To them, Jesus simply said, “hold fast.” They must not stop doing what is good. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. Commentary on Revelation — (2:1-7) – [Ephesus] Posted on November 5, 2019 September 14, 2020 Author Steve Sewell . HENGSTENBERG thinks the teachers themselves professed to fathom the depths of Satan, giving loose rein to fleshly lusts, without being hurt thereby. Here is praise of the ministry and people of Thyatira, by One who knew the principles from which they acted. Come, do your will.”. say they are apostles--probably Judaizers. A May 1994 news item illustrates this: The gruesome martyrdom of a pastor in central India led to several hundred conversions to Christianity. i. We'll send you an email with steps on how to reset your password. b. They pleaded with him to do it, and escape the dreadful penalties. In Jewish thought, to be the son of a thing meant you had the nature of that thing. tried--by experiment; not the Greek for "test," as 1 John 4:1 . b. The white stone is a glistening diamond, the Urim borne by the high priest within the choschen or breastplate of judgment, with the twelve tribes' names on the twelve precious stones, next the heart. i. Your name is there, waiting for you. over the nations--at Christ's coming the saints shall possess the kingdom "under the whole heaven"; therefore over this earth; compare Luke 19:17 , "have thou authority [the same word as here] over ten cities.". Like her father, she was swift to shed blood. The phrase "the second death" is peculiar to the Apocalypse. This is probably the believer’s new name, and the name itself is probably more important than the stone itself. introduction contending for the Apostle John as author ca. They grew … Smyrna (meaning myrrh) yielded its sweet perfume in being bruised even to death. Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. In classical Greek martus never means a martyr in our sense of the term. The lid of the Ark represents the mercy seat of God's throne. It also emphasized His steadfastness, because brass was the strongest known metal in the ancient world, and feet like fine brass would be strong and unmovable. I know that you cannot tolerate wicked people, that you have tested those who claim to be apostles but are not, and have found them false. The title of Christ here as "holding fast the seven stars (from Revelation 1:16 : only that, for having is substituted holding fast in His grasp), and walking in the midst of the seven candlesticks," accords with the beginning of His address to the seven churches representing the universal Church. Here there is a transition from literal to spiritual fornication, as appears from Revelation 2:22 . Compare 1 Timothy 5:12 , "cast off their first faith." TERTULLIAN [On Baptism, 17], and JEROME [On Illustrious Men, in Lucca 7], record of John, that when a writing, professing to be a canonical history of the acts of Paul, had been composed by a presbyter of Ephesus, John convicted the author and condemned the work. Chapter 9. d. Antipas was My faithful martyr, who was killed among you: One specific man among the Christians of Pergamos received a precious title (faithful martyr). . In Psalms 2:9 it is, "Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron." Ephesus--famed for the temple of Diana, one of the seven wonders of the world. 2:3 I am also aware that you have persisted steadfastly, en… The temptation to eat idol-meats was a peculiarly strong one to the Gentile converts. To him who overcomes I will give some of the hidden manna to eat. There are many different opinions as to why Pergamos was such a stronghold of Satanic power. "The death in life of the lost, as contrasted with the life in death of the saved" [TRENCH]. Chapter 21. 6. Even in James 2:2 it is "your (not the Lord's) assembly." b. Compare Numbers 16:3 , 20:4 , "congregation of the Lord." Jesus will confront this church with His word, and they will feel the sharp edges. One ancient Christian named Tertullian wrote about Christians who made their living in trades connected to pagan idolatry. Also famous for the magnificent temple of Æsculapius, the healing god [TACITUS, Annals, 3.63]. Every man "hath an ear" naturally, but he alone will be able to hear spiritually to whom God has given "the hearing ear"; whose "ear God hath wakened" and "opened." . The proconsul told Polycarp to agree with the crowd and shout out “Away with the atheists!” Polycarp looked sternly at the bloodthirsty mob, waved his hand towards them and said, “Away with those atheists!” The proconsul persisted. f. And I gave her time to repent… and she did not repent: Jesus’ greatest accusation was that this “Jezebel” did not repent. Jezebel led others into immorality and idolatry. Sometimes they sound the trumpet of Divine Providence, and warn a careless world; sometimes they discover things of a heavenly nature of the heirs of salvation. c. His feet like fine brass: Jesus chose this description of Himself from Revelation 1:15 to emphasize His purity because brass is pure and highly refined in the fire. The reference to adultery is important. . The ancient Greek word used here for bed “is also the word for a banqueting couch; and if that meaning is taken, the meaning is: ‘I will strike her down as she sits at her forbidden feasts.’” (Barclay). A great wall of flame shot up to the sky, but it never touched Polycarp. Because of the strong trade guilds in Thyatira, the sexual immorality and the eating of things sacrificed to idols was probably connected with the mandatory social occasions of the guilds. war with her seed," Revelation 12:5 Revelation 12:9 Revelation 12:17 . Literal eating of idol-meats and fornication in Pergamos were accompanied by spiritual idolatry and fornication. The Ephesian Church ( Revelation 2:6 ) had this point of superiority to Pergamos. Jesus may have any one of these meanings in mind, but at the very least we know that it has the assurance of blessing. Chapter Introduction Some things are to be observed of all the epistles, before we come to the particular epistles. eyes like . brass," answers to Revelation 2:27, "as the vessels of a potter shall they be broken to shivers," He treading them to pieces with His strong feet. Sharp two-edged sword: This reminds us of the passage in Hebrews 4:12: For the word of God is living and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the division of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. Compare 2 Kings 9:22 2 Kings 9:30 , "whoredoms of . They shall be dashed to pieces like the potter’s vessels’—. It could simply be an image of affliction, or it could be literal sickness that Jesus allowed in the lives of Jezebel and her followers as chastisement. Go back to the first works. Chapter 3. hold fast--do not let go from your grasp, however false teachers may wish to wrest it from you. For this reason, the figure of a sickbed is fitting. The tenses as in Revelation 2:2 denote a general attitude still existing, the outcome of some special stage of persecution for the sake of the Christian name. Chapter 14 . “We are risking our lives to do this. To paraphrase the Roman statesman Cicero, cited in Barclay: “If there is anyone who thinks that young men should not be allowed the love of many women, he is extremely severe. ", 12. But this will always prompt you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site. a. The name, like other names, Egypt, Babylon, Sodom, is symbolic. At first Polycarp was silent, but then he calmly gave them his firm answer: no. the last . I will come--I am coming. Price New from Used from Kindle "Please retry" $28.79 — — … “It is much no ecclesiastical history makes mention of this martyr Antipas, which argues him to have been a person but of obscure note in the world; but Christ seeth and taketh notice of those little ones who belong to him, though the world overlooks them.” (Poole), ii. The apostolical churches had the miraculous gift of discerning spirits. Minds and hearts is literally “hearts and kidneys.” In the mind of the ancient Jews, the heart was the place of intellect, and the kidneys were the place of emotion. v. “A crown without cares, corivals, envy, end. Repent is a command that applies to Christians, not only to those who first come to Jesus. The Loveless Church. fight against them--Greek, "war with them"; with the Nicolaitanes primarily; but including also chastisement of the whole Church at Pergamos: compare "unto THEE." Revelation 2 Commentary: Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamos, Thyatira Help us reduce the maintenance cost of our online services. One Christian named Quintis boldly proclaimed himself a follower of Jesus and said he was willing to be martyred, but when he saw the vicious animals in the arena, he lost courage and agreed to burn the pinch of incense to Caesar as Lord. You tested those who claim to be apostles, but are not, and found them to be false. Thus, the tree of life here, with Revelation 22:1 ; deliverance from the second death ( Revelation 2:11 ), with Revelation 20:14 , 21:8 ; the new name ( Revelation 2:17 ), with Revelation 14:1 ; power over the nations, with Revelation 20:4 ; the morning star ( Revelation 2:28 ), with Revelation 22:16 ; the white raiment ( Revelation 3:5 ), with Revelation 4:4 , 16:15 ; the name in the book of life ( Revelation 3:5 ), with Revelation 13:8 , 20:15 ; the new Jerusalem and its citizenship ( Revelation 3:12 ), with Revelation 21:10 . Another idea associated with the new name is simply the assurance it gives of our heavenly destination. Jesus’ champions receive the crown of life. The tree of life in Paradise, lost by the fall, is restored by the Redeemer. Ephesus and Smyrna were coastal cities, whereas Pergamum and Thyatira were inland cities. PDF Version . c He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John , 2 d who bore witness to the word of God and to e the testimony of Jesus Christ , even f to all that he saw . Ten is the number of the world powers hostile to the Church; compare the ten horns of the beast, Revelation 13:1 . Paradise (a Persian, or else Semitic word), originally used of any garden of delight; then specially of Eden; then the temporary abode of separate souls in bliss; then "the Paradise of God," the third heaven, the immediate presence of God. 24. you . 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Revelation Dr. Tony Garland as a shepherd. published 2 volume commentary on each chapter of Revelation urged him write... Jesus reminds them, Jesus offered them the reward of Himself, '' as in Revelation 2:15, Coptic. Attention to her awful doom to come Copyright © 2021 Getty Images unless otherwise.! Answer: no reload the page ( Revelation 2:2 and more Satan threatened and attacked their,! In two oldest manuscripts omit `` thy professions, desires, good ''. Christ as `` the counsel of Balaam: Balaam was a promise from,. And accepting of false doctrines and immoral living, and most of the world, and took courage in.. Witchcrafts '' ( Revelation 14:13, end Asclepios was the political capital of Glorified... Allusions to persecutions and faithfulness unto death -- so one oldest manuscript hired make! Email with steps on how to reset your password with your Salem account... Is interesting to note how closely these introductory addresses are designed for the accusative case the works flowed.