Distribution of Sunflower Insect Pests . Phoma has been implicated as one of the major biotic causes of premature … The black sunflower stem weevil (Apion) is black and about 1/10 inch long. has 49 species Coevolutionary history with insects Majority of major pests specific to . The head seems remarkably small and tapers toward the long snout. By the winter, the host larva is fully developed and enters diapause in a chamber near the base of the plant. Reproductives were from a non-diapausing strain of C. adspersus. Both weevils have pronounced ‘snouts' that make them recognizable. Here, we use this approach to search for biological control agents of the sunflower stem weevil (Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte), an economically important pest of commercial sunflower. The damage includes dangling seed heads and stems that looked like soda straws. You can protect your farm from Sunflower stem weevil by regularly checking you property for the presence . Adults feed on leaf margins during the day & larvae over leaf surface at night Overwinter as adults in soil Eggs laid on stem or underside of leaves . Direct sprays at adult weevils when there is 1 adult per plant. How to Treat Sunflower Pests. Sunflower stem weevils, Cylindrocopturus adspersus, occur throughout the Great Plains of the United States and in Saskatchewan. The Sunflower stem weevil is only known to occur in the United States of America. The number of weevils ranged from 1 to 184 larvae per stalk among all the stalks dissected for the study. Bacterial stalk rot; Premature ripening of stalks and poor filling of heads. Larvae are 0.25 inch long at maturity. Eggs are laid in the head. However, people are not the only ones enjoying this plant. Sometimes the damage may be confused with the sunflower stem weevil. Our objective was to determine whether altered planting periods could reduce weevil densities in confection and oilseed sunflower in the central High Plains production region. The larvae use the stem for feeding and overwintering. Adult weevils are small (0.5 cm) and brown with … Drills egg hole in stem in which it lays its egg. The larva, a white legless larva, burrows in the stem pith. • Sunflower beetle • Sunflower moth • Seed weevil (adult) • Stink bug spp. Larvae are yellow and have been found among sunflower stem wee-vil larvae. When weevil levels are high enough to weaken the stalk, they will lodge, due to increased stalk rot. The damage includes dangling seed heads and stems that looked like soda straws. Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, is an herbaceous annual plant in the family Asteraceae, grown for its seeds. Feeding on sunflower plant stems, the sunflower stem weevil is ⅛- to ¼-inch long, gray-brown with white spots and black antennae, snout and eyes. How can I protect my farm from Sunflower stem weevils? It was first observed in Saskatchewan in a sunflower test plot near Carnduff, in August 1984 (unpublished data). It usually emergences in May and June and is most common in the High Plains. The red weevil adults are 0.1 to 0.12 inch long and the gray weevils are slightly larger. The native weevil … Classical biological control programs often target a pest's region of origin as a likely source for new biological control agents. Warrior II with Zeon Technology is a Restricted Use Pesticide. Chapter Eight: Stem and Twig Damagers - Twig-Feeding Beetles. Females feed on pollen and nectar of flowering heads. Helianthus. maggot (Strauzia longipennis), and the long-horned sunflower. A robust brown and white spotted snout beetle found on the stem and in leaf axils. Cocklebur weevil The adult weevil is 1/4 to 3/8 inch long and is red with black spots. Both are easy to scout, identify and control. The sunflower stem weevil’s larvae will chew a tunnel in the stalk on their way to the ground where they will pupate. The sunflower stem weevil is a common pest, laying its eggs in the sunflower's stem. The snout, eyes, and antennae are black. The plant has a thick, hairy, erect stem which gives rise to a large flower head. Sunflowers offer the gardener both beautiful yellow flowers and seeds that have many uses. Adult red seed weevil This is the most common damaging insect group on flowering sunflower. Sunflower stem weevil – Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) 6 6 6 6 6 Sunflower maggot – Strauzia longipennis (Wiedenmann) 5 5 5, 6 Sunflower beetle – Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) 8 7, 8 8 8 8 7 8. Sunflower stem weevils (Cylindrocopturus adspersus) and at least 10 other species in the Curculionidae, including the red sunflower seed weevil (Smicronyx fulvus), the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis), and the plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar). Larvae and pupae are similar in appearance to those of C. adspersus, but tend to be smaller and more yellowish in coloration. Sunflower moth Sunflower stem weevil Sunflower long -horned beetle . The gardener oftentimes must deal with a variety of pests from insects to animals and birds. long. Much more abundant in drouthy sites and years. They are creamy white with a small, brown head capsule, usually found in a C-shape in the sunflower stalk. Headclipper Weevil The adult sunflower Headclipping weevil (Haplorhynchites aeneus Boheman) is shiny black and about 5/16 inch long. When parasitizing the sunflower stem weevil, the female wasp lays a single egg into a first instar larva, which feeds just under the epidermis of the stem where it is within reach of the wasp's ovipositor. Life Cycle. This weevil causes very little damage. We conducted surveys of weevil natural enemy diversity and abundance … The wasp larva, still contained within its living host, also enters diapause. Sunflower stem weevil Cylindrocopturus adspersus. Description. Growers attempting to use planting dates to control any sunflower insect should be aware of all the insect pests they are likely to have, not just one species. Sunflower Beetle . The peculiar handiwork of the sunflower headclipping weevil (Haplorhynchites aeneus) is just getting underway this season on purple coneflowers (Echinacea purpurea) and other members of the aster family (Asteraceae) in southwest Ohio. The peculiar handiwork of the sunflower headclipping weevil (Haplorhynchites aeneus) is just getting underway this season on purple coneflowers (Echinaceapurpurea) and other members of the aster family (Asteraceae) in southwest Ohio. The plant has large, broad lower leaves which are oval and arranged alternately on the stem and smaller, narrower upper leaves which are attached individually to the stem. black sunflower stem weevil (Apion occidentale), the sunflower. Sunflower stem weevil; Stalks black on the outside, hollow inside with ink‑black, watery tissue breakdown. Headclipper weevil on stalk Life Cycle: Adults emerge in mid-July and may be found on plants for 2 to 3 weeks. Cylindrocopturus adspersus, the sunflower stem weevil, is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. Cultivated H. annuus as a Volunteer Weed. The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an economic pest of cultivated sunflower in both the northern and southern Great Plains of the United States and in Saskatchewan. Adult feeding on stem and leaf tissue produces negligible effects on plants, but larval … Occasionally, western Kansas, eastern Colorado, and North and South Dakota experience severe losses due to this pest. Damage by larvae of sunflower stem weevil causes serious stalk breakage when larval populations are large. banded sunflower moth, sunflower stem weevil, sunflower moth, sunflower beetle & red sunflower seed weevil . stem girdler (Dectes texanus). Stem weevil larvae can cause serious stalk breakage. Sunflower stem weevil adults are about 0.19 inch long and grayish brown with white spots of various shapes on wing covers and thorax. The sunflower stem weevil infests stalks of cultivated sunflower and can cause lodging resulting in loss of the head prior to harvest. Sunflower takes out nitrogen and phosphorus in large quantities in comparison to other crops, and has no equal in terms of potassium use. The feeding and excavation of the stalk by larvae and adults is what causes the weakening and breaking of the sunflower stalk. Lodging after flowering, heads with soft rot. Adult sunflower stem weevils feed on foliage, which is usually not severe enough to require insecticide applications. It is found in North America, where the larvae tunnel in the stems of wild and cultivated sunflower plants. Host Plant Resistance Genus . The adult sunflower stem weevil is about 5 mm (0.2 in) long and a grayish-brown color with irregular whitish markings. The black sunflower stem weevil is a small, shiny black weevil about 2.5 mm (1/10 inches) long from the base of its globose body to the end of its curved snout. The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), has attacked cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Asteraceae), throughout its history in North America (Charlet et al., 1997).A single generation of weevils emerges in late spring each year. Sunflower Head Clipping Weevil - Joe Boggs Jul 7, 2020. The sunflower stem weevil also has been implicated in the transmission of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, which causes charcoal stem rot in sunflower in the southern Plains. Check closely for signs of Charcoal rot or any lodging of sunflowers. For the formation of 20 centners / ha of seeds, the plants need 56–58 kg / ha of nitrogen, 22 kg / ha of phosphorus, and 30 kg / ha of potassium. of new pests and diseases. It is about 1/4 in. Larvae are cream colored and C-shaped and grub-like in appearance. However, early planting may increase damage by the banded sunflower moth and the sunflower stem weevil. However the weevil will have multiple larvae per stem and the larvae will be smaller in size and C-shaped. Host plants are still required for adult feeding and oviposition. As with some other insect pests, the area where sunflower stem weevil is a concern has shifted, moving from primary production areas of North Dakota and Minnesota southward into Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. References: Cranshaw, W. (2004). The large larvae leave a 1/4-inch tunnel in the pith as they burrow down to the roots. Considerably weakening of the stem can occur when larval infestations reach 25 or more per stalk. The sunflower stem weevil larval counts indicated very heavy stem weevil pressure in 2002 at Akron with the mean density ranging from 20 to 60 larvae per stalk among the germplasm tested. of a sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte, a pest of cultivated sunflower. More recently the sunflower midge and the seed weevil has been a problem for non-oil sunflower producers in the Red River valley. • Controlling sunflower stem weevil helps prevent transmission of Phoma black stem disease Key pests controlled • Banded sunflower moth • Seed weevil (adult) Refer to label for a complete list of insects. The sunflower stem weevil also has been implicated in the epidemiology of sunflower pathogens, such as Phoma black stem (Phoma macdonaldii Boerma), and may predispose plants to infection by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, the causative agent of charcoal stem rot in sunflowers in the southern Great Plains. Adult weevils feed on leaves and lay eggs in stem. The red seed weevil is the more common of the two weevils. Larvae feed inside stem and sometimes kill stem above infestation. The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte), infests wild and cultivated sunflowers in Colorado, Texas, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota (Schulz 1978; Charlet 1983). Overwintering chambers . Stalks with gray basal discoloration and shredded internal tissue with small black flecks. Larvae feed, develop, and overwinter in the stem. However, since the pathogen Phoma macdonaldii Boerma has been isolated from adults they are highly suspected of vectoring Phoma black stem disease in sunflower fields. B5. egg larvae adult . A modified boll weevil diet for laboratory rearing of the larvae, and methods to collect the eggs and larvae are described. Stem Weevil Biology . Root … Both cause damage to the stalk of the plant as they feed on the pith. As with other cultivated crops that are harvested at the field scale, some seed may escape harvest, mostly from shattering, particularly when infected with sclerotinia. Helianthus. Sunflower stem weevil (adult) Apply esfenvalerate, beta-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin , chlorpyrifos, lambda/gamma-cyhalothrin, or zeta-cypermethrin products at the rates listed for sunflower moth. Here, we use this approach to search for biological control agents of the sunflower stem weevil (Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte), an economically important pest of commercial sunflower. 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